{"id":89699,"date":"2024-03-25T13:47:06","date_gmt":"2024-03-25T13:47:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/?post_type=insightsection&p=89699"},"modified":"2025-03-08T17:04:52","modified_gmt":"2025-03-08T17:04:52","slug":"eticke-a-regulacne-prostredie-ai","status":"publish","type":"insightsection","link":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/insights\/blogs\/eticke-a-regulacne-prostredie-ai\/","title":{"rendered":"Etick\u00e9 a regula\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie AI"},"content":{"rendered":"
Rozvoj umelej inteligencie (AI), ktor\u00fd sa pri\u010dinil o r\u00fdchly rozmach v oblasti technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a nev\u00eddan\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti, ale aj obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Syst\u00e9my umelej inteligencie sa \u010doraz viac st\u00e1vaj\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou n\u00e1\u0161ho ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota v podobe osobn\u00fdch asistentov alebo auton\u00f3mnych vozidiel a etick\u00e9 a regula\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky ich vyu\u017e\u00edvania vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 diskusie. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa sa budeme venova\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00fdmi s\u00favislos\u0165ami v\u00fdvoja umelej inteligencie, etiky a regul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Etick\u00fd imperat\u00edv AI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa umelej inteligencie s\u00fa rovnako rozmanit\u00e9 ako sp\u00f4soby aplik\u00e1cie tejto technol\u00f3gie. V\u00a0ich centre stoj\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, ako AI ovplyv\u0148uje \u013eudsk\u00fa d\u00f4stojnos\u0165, pr\u00e1va a\u00a0slobody<\/strong>. Pozrime sa napr\u00edklad na rozpozn\u00e1vanie tv\u00e1re: hoci t\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia prin\u00e1\u0161a zv\u00fd\u0161enie bezpe\u010dnosti a\u00a0pohodlia, z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyvol\u00e1va v\u00e1\u017ene obavy o\u00a0ochranu s\u00fakromia a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017eu ju potenci\u00e1lne zneu\u017ei\u0165 \u00farady \u010di korpor\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou etickou ot\u00e1zkou je riziko predpojatosti algoritmov. Syst\u00e9my umelej inteligencie toti\u017e m\u00f4\u017eu odr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 zaujatos\u0165 pr\u00edtomn\u00fa v\u00a0datasetoch, na ktor\u00fdch sa umel\u00e1 inteligencia u\u010d\u00ed, a\u00a0tak udr\u017eiava\u0165 alebo dokonca prehlbova\u0165 diskrimin\u00e1ciu ur\u010dit\u00fdch skup\u00edn \u013eud\u00ed. To m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 \u010falekosiahle d\u00f4sledky v\u00a0oblasti uplat\u0148ovania spravodlivosti a\u00a0pr\u00e1va, a\u00a0to najm\u00e4 v\u00a0citliv\u00fdch oblastiach, ako je trestn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, prij\u00edmanie do zamestnania \u010di pr\u00edstup k\u00a0\u00faverom.<\/p>\n

Rast\u00faca auton\u00f3mia syst\u00e9mov umelej inteligencie navy\u0161e vyvol\u00e1va ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa zodpovednosti. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade poruchy alebo rozhodnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobia \u0161kodu, by bolo ur\u010dovanie toho, kto, alebo \u010do, nesie za dan\u00fa \u0161kodu zodpovednos\u0165, pomerne zlo\u017eit\u00e9 a komplikovan\u00e9 \u2013 s\u00fa to v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri, prev\u00e1dzkovatelia, samotn\u00fd syst\u00e9m umelej inteligencie alebo kombin\u00e1cia v\u0161etk\u00fdch spom\u00ednan\u00fdch subjektov?<\/p>\n

\u00daloha regul\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Rozvoj umelej inteligencie zvy\u0161uje potrebu spo\u013eahliv\u00fdch regula\u010dn\u00fdch r\u00e1mcov. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom t\u00fdchto predpisov je zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby sa umel\u00e1 inteligencia vyv\u00edjala a\u00a0zav\u00e1dzala bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm a\u00a0etick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom re\u0161pektuj\u00facim \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va. Vypracovanie \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vnych predpisov v\u00a0tejto r\u00fdchlo sa rozv\u00edjaj\u00facej oblasti v\u0161ak v\u00a0\u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade nie je jednoduchou \u00falohou.<\/p>\n

Predpisy toti\u017e musia by\u0165 na jednej strane dostato\u010dne pr\u00edsne, aby zabr\u00e1nili \u0161kod\u00e1m a\u00a0zneu\u017eitiu, pri\u010dom by mali rie\u0161i\u0165 ot\u00e1zky s\u00fakromia, bezpe\u010dnosti \u010di zodpovednosti, a\u00a0na druhej strane sa musia vyvarova\u0165 tomu, aby br\u00e1nili inov\u00e1ci\u00e1m a\u00a0dosahovaniu potenci\u00e1lnych v\u00fdhod, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee umel\u00e1 inteligencia spolo\u010dnosti prinies\u0165. To v\u0161etko si vy\u017eaduje diferencovan\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie technol\u00f3gie umelej inteligencie, mo\u017enost\u00ed jej aplik\u00e1cie i\u00a0jej potenci\u00e1lneho v\u00fdvoja v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n

Viacer\u00e9 krajiny i\u00a0regi\u00f3ny u\u017e za\u010dali v\u00a0tomto smere podnika\u0165 kroky. Napr\u00edklad Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania sa chyst\u00e1 na z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00e9 hlasovanie o\u00a0Z\u00e1kone o\u00a0umelej inteligencii (Artificial Intelligence Act<\/a>), \u010do je ambici\u00f3zny regula\u010dn\u00fd r\u00e1mec s\u00a0cie\u013eom rie\u0161i\u0165 rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0konkr\u00e9tnymi sp\u00f4sobmi jej vyu\u017eitia a\u00a0kategorizova\u0165 ich pod\u013ea \u00farovne rizika pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165. T\u00e1to legislat\u00edva o.i. zak\u00e1\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie niektor\u00fdch vysoko rizikov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov AI, ako s\u00fa napr. biometrick\u00e9 kategoriza\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face citliv\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 charakteristiky (rasa, pohlavie, politick\u00e1 orient\u00e1cia, a pod.), ako aj syst\u00e9my soci\u00e1lneho bodovania \u010di hromadn\u00e9 scrapovanie obr\u00e1zkov na vytv\u00e1ranie datab\u00e1z na rozpozn\u00e1vanie tv\u00e1r\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Etick\u00fd rozvoj AI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00dastrednou t\u00e9mou diskusie o\u00a0etike a\u00a0regul\u00e1cii umelej inteligencie je \u00faloha v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov. Technologick\u00e1 komunita zodpoved\u00e1 za za\u010dlenenie etick\u00fdch aspektov do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu syst\u00e9mov AI, od ich dizajnovania a\u017e po ich nasadenie. To zah\u0155\u0148a prijatie z\u00e1sad ako je transparentnos\u0165, zodpovednos\u0165<\/strong> a\u00a0spravodlivos\u0165<\/strong> ako hlavn\u00fdch princ\u00edpov v\u00fdvoja umelej inteligencie.<\/p>\n

Transparentnos\u0165<\/strong> v\u00a0AI zah\u0155\u0148a zaistenie fungovania syst\u00e9mov umelej inteligencie tak, aby bolo zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov a\u00a0v\u0161etk\u00fdch zainteresovan\u00fdch a\u00a0aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 rozhodnutia, ktor\u00e9 umel\u00e1 inteligencia urob\u00ed, vysvetli\u0165 a\u00a0zd\u00f4vodni\u0165. Je to d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre budovanie d\u00f4very v\u00a0umel\u00fa inteligenciu a\u00a0pre zavedenie zodpovednosti jej syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n

Zodpovednos\u0165<\/strong> sa t\u00fdka mechanizmov, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dia, \u017ee jednotlivci a\u00a0organiz\u00e1cie mo\u017eno bra\u0165 na zodpovednos\u0165 za vyv\u00edjan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my umelej inteligencie zav\u00e1dzan\u00e9 do u\u017e\u00edvania. Ide o\u00a0stanovenie jasn\u00fdch usmernen\u00ed pre etick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj AI a\u00a0mechanizmov n\u00e1pravy v\u00a0pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f syst\u00e9my umelej inteligencie sp\u00f4sobia \u0161kodu.<\/p>\n

Spravodlivos\u0165<\/strong> si vy\u017eaduje akt\u00edvnu pr\u00e1cu na odstra\u0148ovan\u00ed predsudkov v\u00a0syst\u00e9moch AI a\u00a0zabezpe\u010denie, aby tieto technol\u00f3gie neposil\u0148ovali diskrimin\u00e1ciu alebo nerovn\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie. Patr\u00ed sem kritick\u00e9 presk\u00famanie tr\u00e9ningov\u00fdch datasetov a\u00a0algoritmov s\u00a0cie\u013eom identifikova\u0165 a\u00a0minimalizova\u0165 potenci\u00e1lnu predpojatos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Poh\u013ead do bud\u00facnosti<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bud\u00facnos\u0165 umelej inteligencie so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l a\u00a0pon\u00faka rie\u0161enia t\u00fdch najnaliehavej\u0161\u00edch glob\u00e1lnych v\u00fdziev, od zdravotnej starostlivosti a\u017e po zmenu kl\u00edmy. Vyu\u017eitie tohto potenci\u00e1lu sp\u00f4sobom prospe\u0161n\u00fdm pre cel\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 si v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje d\u00f4kladn\u00fa orient\u00e1ciu v\u00a0etickom a\u00a0regula\u010dnom prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Do prebiehaj\u00faceho dial\u00f3gu sa musia zapoji\u0165 v\u0161etci zainteresovan\u00ed akt\u00e9ri, vr\u00e1tane tvorcov polit\u00edk, technol\u00f3gov a\u00a0verejnosti, a\u00a0podie\u013ea\u0165 sa na formovan\u00ed v\u00fdvoja umelej inteligencie v\u00a0s\u00falade s\u00a0etick\u00fdmi z\u00e1sadami a\u00a0spolo\u010densk\u00fdmi hodnotami. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi oblas\u0165ami s\u00fa vzdel\u00e1vanie a\u00a0informovanos\u0165, preto\u017ee dobre informovan\u00e1 verejnos\u0165 dok\u00e1\u017ee aj v\u00a0\u00e9re umelej inteligencie lep\u0161ie obhajova\u0165 svoje pr\u00e1va a\u00a0z\u00e1ujmy.<\/p>\n

Pri rie\u0161en\u00ed glob\u00e1lnej povahy umelej inteligencie a\u00a0jej vplyvov bude rozhoduj\u00faca aj medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca. Harmoniz\u00e1cia cezhrani\u010dn\u00fdch predpisov m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 vytvori\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 podmienky a\u00a0zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby AI sl\u00fa\u017eila glob\u00e1lnemu dobru a\u00a0nie prehlbovaniu rozdielov medzi r\u00f4znymi \u010das\u0165ami sveta.<\/p>\n

Stoj\u00edme na prahu novej \u00e9ry formovanej umelou inteligenciou, no cesta vpred je pln\u00e1 v\u00fdziev. Uprednostnen\u00edm etick\u00fdch aspektov a\u00a0vytv\u00e1ran\u00edm jasn\u00fdch a\u00a0robustn\u00fdch regula\u010dn\u00fdch r\u00e1mcov v\u0161ak spolo\u010dnos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee vyu\u017ei\u0165 silu umelej inteligencie na vytvorenie bud\u00facnosti, ktor\u00e1 bude re\u0161pektova\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00fa d\u00f4stojnos\u0165 a\u00a0\u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va, bude podporova\u0165 inov\u00e1cie a\u00a0kde \u013eudstvo ako celok bude napredova\u0165. Nie je to \u013eahk\u00e1 cesta, no v\u010faka spolo\u010dn\u00e9mu \u00fasiliu a\u00a0oddanosti spolo\u010dn\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k\u00a0lep\u0161ej a\u00a0inkluz\u00edvnej\u0161ej bud\u00facnosti.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bud\u00facnos\u0165 AI so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l a pon\u00faka rie\u0161enia t\u00fdch najnaliehavej\u0161\u00edch glob\u00e1lnych v\u00fdziev, od zdravotnej starostlivosti a\u017e po zmenu kl\u00edmy. Vyu\u017eitie tohto potenci\u00e1lu si vy\u017eaduje d\u00f4kladn\u00fa orient\u00e1ciu v etickom a regula\u010dnom prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":89701,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","insight":[41],"insight-subcats":[809,807,808],"insight-industry":[750],"insight-services":[],"insight-partners":[],"class_list":["post-89699","insightsection","type-insightsection","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","insight-blogs","insight-subcats-ai-governance","insight-subcats-cybersecurity","insight-subcats-mlops","insight-industry-technology"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insightsection\/89699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insightsection"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/insightsection"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insightsection\/89699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102427,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insightsection\/89699\/revisions\/102427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"insight","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight?post=89699"},{"taxonomy":"insight-subcats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight-subcats?post=89699"},{"taxonomy":"insight-industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight-industry?post=89699"},{"taxonomy":"insight-services","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight-services?post=89699"},{"taxonomy":"insight-partners","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globallogic.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight-partners?post=89699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}